Open Science Practices: Concepts, Implementation Strategies, and Global Challenges
Keywords:
Open Science, Open Access, FAIR Data, Open Education, Citizen Science, Research Infrastructure, Policy Frameworks.Abstract
Open science is transforming the production, evaluation, and dissemination of knowledge. By making research outputs, infrastructures, and processes more accessible and reusable, open science promotes transparency, reproducibility, and
social impact. This article synthesizes the conceptual foundations of open science, outlines its main practices (Open Access, Open Data, Open Methods, Open Peer Review, Open Source, and Open Education), explores requirements of relevant infrastructures and policies, and discusses ethical and equity considerations. Drawing on frameworks such as the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science (2021), Plan S, FAIR, and CARE principles, this paper provides a detailed overview of how open science can be implemented for inclusive, sustainable, and trustworthy research ecosystems. The paper concludes that successful adoption of open science depends on sustained investment in open infrastructures, harmonized policy frameworks, and global equity in digital capacity.
